Internal-combustion engine.



E. D. CALKINS & Av. C. JOHNSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 3.v I9I2.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915..

I N I QQ S L: NN m' S @o ATTORNEYS FRED D. cALKINs AND ALFRED o.JOHNSON, or sUnnYvALn, cALIroRNiA." J

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that we, FRED' D. CALKiNs andALFRED C. JOHNSON, citizens of the ternal combustion engines, and hasfor its object the provision of means in connection with .a rotary valvefor controlling vthe admission and exhaust of the motlve fluid,

vfor holding the valve yieldingly on its seat,

while permitting it to rotate, and for compensating for wear in thevalve or 1n the seat.

In the drawings z-Figure 1 is a section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2, Fig.2 is a section on they line 2-2 of Fig. 1, and F ig. o

-is an enlarged detail sectional view of a portion of Fig. 1.

In the present embodiment of the invention the cylinder 1 is providedwith a lateral marginal flange 2 'at one end, which seats upon theflange of the upper portion 4 of the crank case. The said case consistsof the two portions 4 and 5, each of which is laterally flanged as shownat 6, and bolts 7 are provided for securing the anges together.

The crank shaft 8 is journaled in the crank case in* bearings 9, andoutside of the crank case a ily wheel 10 is secured to the shaft. Apinion 11 is also secured to the shaft outside the crank case andbetween the fly wheel and thev adjacent bearing 9. The cylinder isjacketed at the end remote from the crankcase as indicated at 12, and apiston 13 is movable in the cylinder. The piston is connected to thecrank 14 of the crank shaft-by means of a piston rod 15, the said rodengaging a cross pin 17 at one end and having asectional bearing 18l atthe other end for engaging the crank of the crank shaft.

Itwillv be noticed from an inspection of Figs. 1 and 2 that when thepiston is at the end ofits outward stroke, that is, when the piston isat its farthest point from the` crank shaft, a space is-left between theouter end of the cylinder and the adjacent end bustion chamber 19. Thecylinder is providede'with ani internally threaded opening 20 at thesaid chamber 19l for receiving a4 Specification of Letters Patent.

spark plug or the like for igniting the charge.

. The outer end of the cylinder, that is, the v end remote from thecrank case, is provided with a double wall or jacket'as indicated at 21,and on the outer face ofthe said end a transverse semi-circular recessor bear ing 22 is provided. A port 23 that extends the full diameterofthe cylinder is 'provided' at the said outer end, the port opening fromy the center' of the combustion chamber 19 to the bearing 22.

Patented api. e, reis..

Application med september 3. 1912. serial no. 718,247.

.A hollow cylindrical valve 24 is mounted y to' rotate on the seat orbearing 22 andthe said valve has its ends closed and is provided with acentral diametrical partition 25. 'The valve is extended at one end.beyond thel cylinder, and is provided with an annular:

series of gear teeth 26, and a chain27 connects the teeth with thepinionll, before mentioned. rIhe valve is provided with op' positelyarranged series of ports 28 and29, one of the ports of the s ing on eachside of the partition 25.

eries 28 and 29 open- I A cap 30 is arranged at the outer'endof thecylinder, the said cap seating on the said outer end and being securedthereto in any suitable manner. The cap is 'hollow y as shown, and amovable bearing section 35 1s arranged within the said cap. The innerface of the bearing section is provided with a transverse semi-circularrecess 31, which:

coperates with the recess 22 to form a bearing-- or valve 4chamber forthe rotary valve 24. It will be noted that'that 'por-I y tion of thebearing section adjacent to the recess 31 is double walled or jackete'das in` dicated at 32, and that .passages 33 and 34' lead from the recess31 to opposite sides of the bearing section, the passage 33 opening atone side and the passage 34 at the oppo'- f site side. rIhe cap 30 isprovided with 'ports for registering with the passages 33 and 34, butone of the saidports, that coperating with the passage 33, being shown,the said port being designated at36. f"

The movable bearing section 351s movable toward and from the xed sectionat theyen'd of the-cylinder, and springs 37 are arranged' betweeny theouter face of the saidbearirg section and the inner face of the cap30s*` A screw 38 engages each spring 37 for vary# ing the tensionthereof, each screw being threaded through a threaded boss-39 in 'thecap. rIvhe springs 37 hold the bearing Asec tion 30 firmly in contactwith the 'rotaryJ valve 24, while at the same time, permitting the saidbearing section to yield.

The fixed section of the bearing," that is,

t'he outer end of the cylinder, is provided with a longitudinallyextending inclined passage 40, which at its outer end registers .withthe passage 41 in the wall of the cap 30, and the said passage 41 (Fig.3) extends into the cap placing the space between the movable bearingsection and the cap in communication with the combustion/chamber of thecylinder. Atthe point where the passage 41 opens into the cap, it isenlargedto form a recess 45. A diaphragm '44 is arranged transverselyofthe passage 41 at the recess 45, the said diaphragm having a lateralmarginal flange 46, which is i externally threaded and engages therecess,

to permit the diaphragm to be attached and removed.

The diaphragm 44 is provided with a central internal threaded hub orboss 47, and a screw 48 is threaded through the boss. The inner end ofthe screw engages an enlargement 49 on the outer face of the outer endof the movable bearing section, and the cap 30 is provided with aninternally threaded 'transverse opening 50, at the outer end of thescrew 48. A plug 51 is threaded into ythe opening 50, the said plughaving a flange 52 fitting against the outer face of the .cap 30 and theinner end of the plug is'recessed as indicated at 53 to provide room forthe head of the screw.

T he passages 40 .and 41 open on the outer face of the diaphragm 44, sothat the pressure of the combustion chamber 19 may pass to the outerface of the diaphragm.

It will be evident that during the explosion of a charge the outwardpressure is greatest on the valve, and at this time, a greater tensionis needed on the movable bearing section than at any other time. lt isimpossible to regulate a spring so that it would furnish the properdegree of tension when required. .The provision of the diaphragm howeverand the passage that permits the pressure from the combustion` chamberto engage the outer face of the diaphragm perfectly regulates thepressure on the movable section of the bearing. During' the explosion,the diaphragm is supported from the outer side, thus holding the valvefirmly in place, while when the pressure is relaxed in the combustionchamber, the pressure is also relaxed on the movable section of thebearing.

The provision ofthe diaphragm which maare@ carries the screw bearingagainst the movable section of the bearing and the passage forpermitting the pressurefrom the combustion chamber to act on the outerface of the diaphragm, provides a tension that automatically increaseswhen the pressure onthe valve increases, and decreases vwhen thepressure on the valve relaxes.

The springs furnish what may be termed a coarse adjustment, being moreespecially adapted to compensate for wear, while the diaphragm furnishesan automatic adjustment that varies with the pressure on the Valve,always furnishing just the exact amount of resistance necessary and nomore. The piston is provided with the usual packing rings 54.

In operation, the charge is prepared and admitted to the engine in anysuitable manner. When the port 29 registers with the passage 33, a port28 on the same side of the partition 25 will register with the port 23.In' Fig. 1 the port 29 is on'the point of registering with passage 33and the port 28 with port or passage 23. As soon as this occurs, the.piston commences to move toward the crank shaft and the charge` isdrawn into the combustion chamber. 0n the return stroke of the pistonall of the portsv arev closed and the charge is compressed. As thepiston starts again toward the crank shaft the charge is ignited, andthe piston is drawn downward on its working stroke. As it commences itsreturn stroke, the passages 28 and 29 on the opposite side of thepartition 25 are in register with ports or passages 23 and 34respectively, thus permitting the products of combustion to beexhausted.

We claim y 1. An engine of the character specified, comprising acylinder having oneof its ends 'open and having at its opposite end atransverse approximately semi-circular recess and a diametrical portleading from the interior 'of the cylinder to the recess, a crank caseat the open end of the cylinder, a crank shaft in the crank case, apiston in the cylinder, a rod connecting the piston with the crank ofthe crank shaft, said cylinder having a combustion chamber between itsouter end and the outer end of the piston when farthest from the crankshaft, a cap seated on the outer end of the cylinder, a movable bearingsection in the cap, said bearing section having on its inner face atransverse approximately semi-circular recess coperating with the recessof the cylinder end to form a cylindrical bearing, a hollow rotatingcylindrical valve in the bearing, said valve having a transverse centralpartition and having oppositely arranged ports on each side of thepartition, a driving connection between the Meagan movable bearingsection, said cap and cylinder having registering passages for placingthe combustion chamber in communication with the recess behind thediaphragm, the cap having an opening coaxial with the screw, and a plugthreaded into the opening y for closing the same.

2. An engine of the character specified, comprising a cylinder havingone of its ends closed and provided With a transverse bearing section, acap seated on the said end of the cylinder, a movable bearing section inthe cap, a rotatable valve held between the bearing sections, springsbetween the cap and the movable bearing section, said cap having acentral circular internally threaded recess, approximately co-aXial Withthe cylinder, a diaphragm threaded into the recess, a screw threadedthrough the diaphragm and engaging the movable section, said cap andcylinder having registering passages for placing the combustion chamberof the engine in communication with the recess behind the diaphragm,the' cap having an opening at the screw, and a plug normally7 .closingthe opening.

3. An engine comprising a cylinder having its outer end closed andtransversely recessed to form the xed inner half of a cylindrical valvechamber, a cap seated on the said outer end, a movable bearing sectionforming the outer half of the valve chamber in the cap, said bearingsection having a -transverse recess coperating With the recess of thecylinder to form a cylindrical valve chamber, a cylindrical valve in thechamber, springs pressing the movable section of the chamber toward thecylinder, and means for regulating the tension of the springs.

4. An engine comprising a cylinder having its outer end closed andtransversely recessed to form the fixed innerhalf of a cylindrical valvechamber, a cap seated on the outer end, a movable bearing sectionforming the outer half of the valve chamber in the cap, said bearingsection having a transverse recess coperating With the recess of thecylinder to :form a `cylindrical valve chamber, a cylindrical valve inthe cham-l ber, and yielding means pressing the sections of the chambertoward each other,

5. An engine comprising a cylinder having its outer end closed andtransversely recessed to form the fixed'section of acylindrical valvechamber, a cap seated on the said outer end, a movable bearing sectionin 'cylinder having registering the cap, said bearing section having atransverse recess coperating,withv the recess ofv the cylinder to form acylindrical valve chamber, a cylindrical valve in the chambei', said caphaving a recess in. alinement with the axis or' the cylinder, adiaphragm detachably held in the recess, said cap and cylinder Vhavingregistering passages for placing the combustion chamber of the cyl?inder is communication with the 'recessbe'r hind the diaphragm, and ascrevvthreadgld thmugh the diaphragm and engaging we y' movable section,said cap having a means for permitting access to the screw.

6. An engine comprising a cylinder having its outer end closed vandtransversely7l rev cessed to form the fixed section of a cylindricalvalve chamber, a cap seated on the. said outer end, a movable vbearmgsection in the cap, said bearing section having a transverse recesscoperating With the recess ci' the cylinder to form a cylindrical valvechamber, a cylindrical valve in the chamber, said cap being recessedon'its inner face and in alinement With the aXis of the cylinder,

a diaphragm in the recess, said cap andcyh' inder having registeringpassages for placing the combustion chamber in communication with therecess behind the diaphragm, means held by the diaphragm and engagingthe movable section, said means being adjustable with respect to thediaphragm.

An lengine comprising a cylinder having one end closed, a cap seated onthe closed end, a `movable bearing section in the cap, the closed end ofthe cylinder being shaped to form the coperating Xed bearing section, avalve rotatablein the bearing, said cap having a recess in alinementWith the axis of the cylinder, a diaphragm detachably held in therecess, the cap and cylinder having registering passages for placing thecombustion chamber ofl the cylinder in communication With therecessiehind the diaphragm, and a screw threaded through the diaphragmand engaging the movable section.

u 8. An engine comprisinga` cylinder havi, ing one end closed, a capseated on the closed end, a movable bearing section in the cap, theclosed end of the cylinder being. 4 shaped to form the coperating fixedbearing section, a valve rotatable in thebearing, said cap having. arecess in .alinement With the axis of the cylinder,

a diaphragm detachablyheld in the recess,

the cap and a passages for placing the combustion chamber of thecylinder in communication With the recess behind the diaphragm, yandmeans adjustable transversely of the diaphragm for engaging the movablebearing section.

9. An engine comprisinga cylinder hav-" ing one end closed, a, capseated on .thev

.imovable section, the cap and cylinder hav-- ing registering passagesfor placing the comclosed end, a movable bearing section in the cap, theclosed end of the cylinder being :shaped to form the cooperating fixedbearing section, a valve rotatable in the bearing, said cap having arecess in alinement with the axis of the cylinder, a diaphragmdetachably held in the recess and engaging'the bustion chamber of thecylinder in communication with the recess behind the diaphragm, .springsbetween the cap and the.

movable section, and means for varying the tension of the springs. v

y 10. An engine comprising a cylinder hav- .ing one end closed, a capseated on lthe closedend, a movable bearing section in the cap, theclosed end of the cylinder being shaped to form thev coperating fixedbearing section, a valve r'tatable in the bearing, said cap having arecess in alinement with the axis oi' the cylinder, a diaphragmdetachably held in the recess and engaging the movable section, the capand cylinder having registering passages for placing the combustionchamber of the cylinder in communication with the `recess behind thediaphragm, and yielding .means between the cap. and the movable section.n

11. An engine comprising a cylinder having one end closed, a cap seatedon the closed end, a movable bearing section for a valve in the cap andspaced from the outer end of the said cap, the closed end of thecylinder being shaped to form the coperating bearing section, a valverotatable in the bearing, the cap and cylinder having registeringpassages leading from the combustion chamber of the cylinder to thespace between the cap and themovable bearing section at the oppothecylinder, of a cylindrical valve chamber l-at the outer end of thecylinder, a valve rotatable in the chamber, said chamber being composedof inner and outer halves spaced `apart from each other, the inner halfbeing connected to the cylinder, a cap seated on the cylinder andinclosing the outer half,

springs between the said outer half and the megane cap, and meansforvarying the tension of the springs. 4

18. In an en'ine, the combination with the cylinder, o `a cylindricalvalve chamber at the outer end ofthe cylinder, a valve rotatable in thechamber-,said chamber being composed of inner and outer halves spacedapart from leach other, the inner half being connected to the cylinder,a cap seated on the cylinder end inclosing the outer half, and ,yieldingmeans between the cap and the outer half.

14. In an engine, the combination with the cylinder, of a cylindricalvalve chamber at the outer end ofthe cylinder, a valve roA tatable thechamber, said chamber being composed of sections spaced apart from eachother, one of the said sections being 'connected to the cylinder, av capseated on the cylinder and inclosing the .other section, said cap havinga recess in alinement with the axis ofthe cylinder, a diaphragm detach'ably connected to the cap transversely of the recess, said cap andcylinder having registering passages for placing the combustion chamber`of the cylinder in communication with the recess behind the diaphragm,and means in connection with the diaphragm and adjustable transverselythereof for engaging the movable section.

15. ln an engine, the combination with the cylinder, of a valve chamberat the outer end of the cylinder, a valve in the chamber, said chamberbeing composed of inner and outer halves spaced apart from each other,the inner half being connected to'the cylinder, a cap inclosing theouter half, and yielding means between the cap and the said outer half.

16. ln an engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a valve 'chamberat the outer end thereof, ,a valve in the chamber, said chamber beiiigcomposed of inner and outer halves spacedalapart from4 each other, theinner half being connected to the cylinder, a cap inclosing the outerhalf,t and a connection between the combustion chamber of the cylinderand the space within the cap between the cap and the outer half.

FRED D. CALKINS. ALFRED C. JOHNSON.

' Witnesses: v

EMIL W. SNYDna, EDW. D. DEVINE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents` WashingtomD. C.

